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Lorem Ipsum Dolor Spring 2016
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and human-delivered cognitive interventions. Three studies were
identified under the category of assistive technology (Beal, Beal,
Rosenblum & Smith, 2011; Bouck & Weng, 2014; Bouck, Flanagan,
Joshi, Sheikh & Schleppenback, 2011). All three studies provided
audio material to help students with VI access information. Beal,
Rosenblum and Smith (2011) had fourteen students with VI
participate in the field-testing of AnimalWatch-VI-Beta, a computer
program that delivered 12 prealgebra math problems and hints
through a self-voicing audio feature. Bouck et al. (2011) compared
the effects of a newly developed computer-based voice input,
speech output (VISO) calculator with students' regular method of
calculation. Bouck and Weng (2014) conducted an intervention to
understand how the performance of three secondary students with
visual impairments was impacted by accessing algebra via a digital
textbook in comparison to accessing it via a traditional textbook.
However, none of the three studies could make a strong conclusion
that assistive technologies providing audio information are more
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