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Lorem Ipsum Dolor Spring 2016
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into each teacher's scheduled teaching time,!were casually undertaken and
lasted only 10-20 minutes" (p. 299). Wolffe, et al. found that TVIs reinforced
O&M with their students, but we're not teaching O&M.
The TVI role in providing O&M services also varies in how it is defined
in textbooks for TVIs (Dote-Kwan, 2014; Fazzi's, 2014; Griffin-Shirley, Trusty,
and Rickard, 2000). Griffin-Shirley et al., (2000) stated that "O&M is a unique
area of the Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) for which a professional, other
than the TVI, is largely responsible for instruction" (p. 531). The authors at the
same time supported the CEC standard stating, "to enable a child who is
visually impaired to move safety (sic) through the environment, the teacher of
students with visual impairments should teach the sighted guide, trailing, and
protective arm techniques!" (Griffin-Shirley et al., 2000, p. 541).
A more recent text on early intervention O&M services emphasized little
difference with respect to provision of O&M services in early intervention (EI)
settings. Dote-Kwan (2014) stated that the classroom teacher could consult
with the TVI or the O&M specialist "regarding specific O&M techniques that
the child needs to be encouraged to use inside and outside of the
classroom!" and either the O&M specialist or TVI "can also provide
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