VIDBE-Q 2026 Volume 71 Issue 3
Adam
Graves, San Francisco State University, adamgraves@sfsu.edu
The first students to enter the Program in Visual Impairment at San
Francisco State University (SFSU) arrived in 1955. Among the graduates from that
inaugural cohort were future leaders and luminaries in the field of blind and
visually impaired education such as Phil and Sally Mangold, Fred Sinclair and Phil
Hatlen. In the years since those initial graduates began what would become
exemplary careers, the SFSU VI Program has continued to produce highly skilled
and knowledgeable teachers to serve students who are Blind and Visually Impaired
in California.
Figure 1
SFSU VI Program Historical Photo
San Francisco State University Program in
Visual Impairment
85
