VIDBE-Q 2025 Volume 70 Issue 4
Need for Specialized Programming
There is a need for programs specifically designed for youth with visual
impairments that expose them to a variety of sports (Lepore-Stevens & Schugar,
2023; Lieberman et al., 2023b; Stuart et al., 2006). These types of programs
address unique barriers such as accessibility, guidance, and tailored instruction
which might prevent full participation in general sports settings. In practice this
may also be part of the development of an inclusive sports curriculum. The
offerings should provide a wide range of activities rather than only the traditional
sports taught. Lastly, the inclusive offerings would encourage participation in
sports from a young age for youth who are blind or visually impaired with the
potentiality of influencing lifelong positive physical habits. The youth in this study
desired exposure to a variety of activities.
Impact of Encouragement and Supportive Adult Interactions
As evidenced by athlete responses in this study, encouragement is multi-
dimensional. Participants did not just identify the importance of verbal support, but
also emotional presence, teaching, and role modeling. A few participants expressed
self-motivation or independence, saying they didn't need encouragement, but still
benefited from support when offered.
Positive adult interaction and emotional support aid in self-determination in
sport settings for youth with visual impairments (Lepore-Stevens & Schugar,
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