VIDBE-Q 2025 Volume 70 Issue 4
the Tukey Highest Significant Difference (HSD) test. This test looked at pairs of
these areas (e.g., Interest/Enjoyment vs. Fitness) to see if their average scores were
meaningfully different. It also ensured that the chance of a false positive was kept
low, at no more than 5% across all comparisons, which makes the results reliable.
Upon conducting the analysis, it was determined that the residuals were too heavily
skewed (skewness = -1.22), so a Box-Cox transformation (λ=2) was performed,
and a randomized block ANOVA was performed on the transformed data, reducing
the skewness to a more acceptable level (-0.73) with a sample size of n=767. A
Tukey HSD analysis was performed on the transformed data, creating pairwise
confidence intervals for the differences in the means, with an overall error rate of
.05.
Results
In this study, the MPAM-R (Ryan et al., 1997) was administered prior to
camp to collect quantitative data. In addition, pre- and post-camp questionnaires
provided qualitative insights along with relative frequencies of participant
responses.
Pre-Camp Questionnaires
The pre-camp questionnaires gathered information about the activities
athletes already engaged in, those they enjoyed or disliked, activities in which they
felt competent, and areas where they wished to improve their skills. Table 1
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