Division on Visual Impairments

DVI Quarterly Volume 59(3)

A quarterly newsletter from the Council for Exceptional Children's Division on Visual Impairments containing practitioner tips for Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments, Certified Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and other professionals.

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; Lorem Ipsum Dolor Spring 2016 15 Each trial consists of about 20 sounds. If a participant achieves accuracy rate over 60% for 2 out of 3 successive trials, then the participant should move to a more difficult level in the next trial (e.g., moving from 3-back to 4-back) . An undergraduate student with blindness, a female Caucasian, 50 years old, participated in our pilot study. She has been blind in both eyes for 6 years because of Cataract; usually uses a computer program to convert words to sounds for reading and writing; and requires testing accommodations provided by the university disability center. The participant worked on the N- back program 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes per session. She started from 3-back during the baseline assessment, and improved to 5-back after four training sessions (i.e., the participant was able to recognize if the sixth sound was the same as the first sound, the seventh the same as the second and so forth). Results suggested that the participant exhibited steady improvement in auditory working memory capacity. Moreover, the participant also demonstrated significant gains in the multi-step mathematics calculation test. The participant scored 20% (median) correct during baseline for solving multiple step calculation problems, whereas she improved to 80% (median) correct during the posttest after four sessions of training. The participant also demonstrated an improvement from baseline (raw score = 29) to posttest (raw score =36) on the calculation subtest of Woodcock Johnson Test of Achievement (Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001). The limited data of this case study showed that the audio working memory training is promising for students with VI. In addition to solving mathematic problems, individuals with VI need strong auditory working memory capacity to remember and process audio information that 42

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