VIDBE-Q 2025 Volume 70 Issue 4
shaped by fluctuating confidence levels and the need to weigh the perceived costs
such as accessibility challenges and safety issues against the potential rewards.
These insights reflect a complex interplay between self-perception and motivation.
Although the study focuses on adults and its conclusions may intersect with the
behaviors and beliefs of children with visual impairments as attitudes toward
physical activity and identity begin to develop prior to adulthood. The study
underscores the importance of developing environments that enhance confidence
and reduce barriers to participation across all age groups.
Morela et al. (2024) examined self‑esteem and motivational aspects among
Greek athletes who are blind or visually impaired. They compared those in
individual sports to those in team sports. They found that self‑esteem plays a
significant role in motivation and that participating in both individual and team
sports provides motivational benefits. It should be noted that the nature and
magnitude may differ depending on the structure, social context, and perhaps level
of peer interaction in team vs individual sports.
Al Harthy et al. (2023) found that individuals with visual impairments
demonstrated higher levels of extrinsic motivation compared to other disability
groups. This suggests that their participation in sports is more strongly influenced
by external factors such as recognition or social support, rather than internal
drivers like personal enjoyment or self-fulfillment. The findings highlight the
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