VIDBE-Q 2025 Volume 70 Issue 4
which sports they disliked, 14 athletes (41.2%) indicated there were none. The
most disliked sports were football (3 athletes, 8.8%) and baseball/ beep baseball (3
athletes, 8.8%).
Encouragement for Participation
Participants identified the types of encouragement they received for
engaging in sports. These findings are summarized in Table 3.
Quantitative Data
A randomized block design was used to compare the average response for a
series of 24 questions that were answered on a seven-point Likert scale. The
analysis was blocked by the responder to control for people who tend to rate
everything higher or everything lower. Due to the use of a Likert scale, the 24
questions were combined into four subjects: Competence, Fitness,
Interest/Enjoyment, and Social. This process helps to produce response variables
that can satisfy the underlying conditions of the ANOVA. The average scores for
each area, based on 24 questions answered on a 1–7 scale, are shown in Table 4.
Motivations
Significant differences were found between the transformed means for a)
interest/enjoyment versus fitness (t=4.90,p<.0001), b) interest/enjoyment versus
social (t=3.84,p=.0008), and c) competence versus fitness (t=2.68,p<.0376). This
indicates that the primary reason children in this study participate in physical
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